Abstract
In this manuscript, “Get two mangoes with one stone” strategy was used to study the electrochemical detection and photocatalytic mineralization of furaltadone (FLT) drug using Cu/Ni/TiO2/MWCNTs nanocomposites for the first time. The bi-functional nanocomposites were synthesized through a hydrothermal synthesis technique. The successfully synthesized nanocomposites were analyzed by various analytical techniques. The Cu/Ni/TiO2/MWCNTs nanocomposites decorated screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) exhibit a good electrocatalytic ability towards detection of FLT. Moreover, the electrocatalytic detection of FLT based on the nanocomposites decorated SPCE have high stability, lower detection limit, and excellent sensitivity of 0.0949 μM and 1.9288 μA μM−1 cm−2, respectively. In addition, the nanocomposites decorated SPCE electrodes performed in real samples, such as river water and tap water, the satisfactory results were observed. As UV–Visible spectroscopy revealed that the Cu/Ni/TiO2/MWCNTs nanocomposites had an excellent photocatalytic ability for degradation of FLT drug. The higher degradation efficiency of 75% was achieved within 45 min under irradiation of visible light. In addition, after the degradation process various intermediates are produced which is confirmed by GC–MS analysis. The excellent photocatalytic ability was improved to the dopant ions and restrictions of electron–hole pair.
Highlights
Furaltadone (FLT) is an antibiotic drug and family of nitrofuran group, which is generally used as a feed additive for growth evolution and, to prevent protozoan and bacterial infections in livestock, bee colonies, and aquaculture[1,2,3,4]
The FLT usage of animal-borne food production has already been banned by the European Union (EU) since the mid-1990s, which the usage level in aquaculture products was set at 1 μg/kg[1,8,9]
There are numerous methods are available for the detection of FLT antibiotic drugs such as ELISA, LC–MS, HPLC, Spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, and LC–MS/MS
Summary
Furaltadone (FLT) is an antibiotic drug and family of nitrofuran group, which is generally used as a feed additive for growth evolution and, to prevent protozoan and bacterial infections in livestock, bee colonies, and aquaculture[1,2,3,4]. The transition metal oxide materials exhibit sustainable performance in the PEC cell photoelectrode such as TiO2, ZnO, WO3, and BaTiO3 Among those oxide materials, TiO2 has a more attractive n-type semiconductor, which has been widely used as a photo-electro catalyst due to its available or accessible, environmentally free, and high chemical stability. It has some drawbacks such as large bandgap (3.2 eV), active under UV region only, low efficiency, and fast recombination of photo-generated electron–hole pair[16,17,18]. The electrochemical sensing and degradation process were deeply investigated with a higher degradation rate
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