INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTS OF HEAT RELEASE IN ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND THEIR USE IN TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRODUCTION OF ENERGY-INTENSIVE SOURCES FOR AIRCRAFT

Abstract

The search for new, more energy-intensive types of fuel for the operation of the power plants of aircraft is the most important task in aviation. The unique fuel that has no analogues is hydrogen. The paper attempts to substantiate the technology of metal hydride hydrogen storage in electrochemical systems based on aluminum and its alloys as the most affordable materials from fossil metals, since the traditional methods based on the use of cylinders and cryostats are not effective in transport systems. It is shown that the volumetric storage of hydrogen in the porous structure of metals with the formation of hydrides on atomic bond defects is maximally suitable for the implementation of the system, eliminating the excessive pressure and the low temperatures. The porous structure of the material provides both a high degree of availability of the electrolyte solution to the electrode for the accumulation of hydrides in the entire volume of the metal, and not only on its surface, but also the conditions for the realization of the reduction effect that excludes the explosive nature of hydrogen extraction. The problem of increasing the temperature in the reaction zone, which sometimes causes a slowdown in the rate of certain stages of the electrochemical process, is considered. Using the example of galvanic chrome plating, it has been established that an increase in the temperature inhibits the process of the reducing of the metallic chromium. Therefore, the detailed account of the thermal effects in the electrochemical system allows us to determine the mechanism of the processes. The work revealed that the thermal effects arising at the cathode determine the kinetics of the hydrogen reduction processes during the formation of a hydride. And the thermal effects at the anode determine the kinetics of the formation of a porous structure in the metal. The authors proposed to use the principle of action associated with the transition to the technologies of the volumetric storage of hydrogen in a solid-phase system based on a metal hydride compound for the formation of a new class of aircraft - diaplan.