Investigation of Dynamic Fracture Behavior of Graphite

Abstract

The strain-rate sensitivity of brittle materials, such as glass, ceramics or concrete-like materials, is usually easier to be performed in compression. However, also the tensile behavior, which affects phenomena such as spalling, scabbing and fragmentation, has to be investigated to achieve an exhaustive characterization. In last decades, a lot of researchers suggested spalling test as one of the best ways to characterize dynamically brittle materials. This type of test is based on propagation and reflection of elastic waves: the fracture for spalling occurs when, in the material, the tensile stress state, obtained by the reflection on a free surface of a compressive pulse, exceeds the strength limit. These conditions are usually reached using a SHPB setup: a striker bar is launched against the input bar, which is in contact with a long bar specimen free at the opposite surface. In this work, the spalling test has been performed to investigate the dynamic tensile behavior of graphite. The apparatus is actuated by a pneumatic gas-gun (1.5 m long). Striker and input bars are made of high-strength steel 10 mm of diameter. Different striker lengths are used (100 and 80 mm) to obtain different pulse lengths and amplitudes. The input bar is 3.4 m long and is instrumented in the middle. The specimens are 200 mm long and 10 mm of diameter, instrumented at 80 from the free surface with strain-gages.