Abstract
Summary The transmission system expansion planning process requires lots of calculations looking many years into the future, and the results are based on assumed load growth. If the load growth assumed in the planning process is not correct and unexpected load growth occurs for some load points, the transmission system could face serious congestion and even overloading problems. In this paper, transmission line impedance adjustment techniques using distributed series reactance (DSR) is considered. The DSRs can be used to control power flow and alleviate overloading problems. A new term, DSR congestion relief factor, is introduced. The DSR congestion relief factor measures the increase of transmission line capacity with the application of DSRs. Parametric studies run on the IEEE 39-bus system are presented. These studies investigate the economic benefits of DSRs and the use of DSRs for single contingencies and compare DSRs with existing technologies for expanding the transmission system.
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