Abstract
Diesel engine is known as the most efficient engine with high efficiency and power but always reported as high fuel emission. Malaysia National Automotive Policy (NAP) was targeting to improve competitive regional focusing on green technology development in reducing the emission of the engine. Therefore, ethanol was introduced to reduce the emission of the engine and while increasing its performance, Palm methyl ester was introduced as blend enhancer to improve engine performance and improve diesel-ethanol blends stability. This paper aimed to study the characteristics of the blends and to prove the ability of palm-methyl-ester as co-solvent in ethanol-diesel blends. Stability and thermophysical test were carried out for different fuel compositions. The stability of diesel-ethanol blended was proved to be improved with the addition of PME at the longer period and the stability of the blends changed depending on temperature and ethanol content. Density and viscosity of diesel-ethanol-PME blends also give higher result than diesel-ethanol blends and it's proved that PME is able to increase density and viscosity of blends. Besides, heating value of the blends also increases with the increasing PME in diesel-ethanol blends.
Highlights
The power of diesel engine in producing a better power output and efficiency especially to the heavy load transportation makes the diesel engine as one of the main focus of the researchers to innovate and develop the engine potential to a better performance and better emission
Along with the National Automotive Policy (NAP) (National Automotive policy) review in 2014, biofuels was selected as the main focus as new green technology initiative for the development of technology and human capital where the new goals of NAP 2014 are to develop a competitive and capable domestic automotive industry by pointed Malaysia as the regional automotive hub in Energy Efficient Vehicle (EEV) and to increase value-added activities in a sustainable way while continuously developing domestic capabilities [1]
The blends were placed in the flasks with a maximum volume of 100 ml for each blend. 10 ml of Palm Methyl Ester (PME) was added into each diesel ethanol blend to study the stability of diesel ethanol PME blends
Summary
The power of diesel engine in producing a better power output and efficiency especially to the heavy load transportation makes the diesel engine as one of the main focus of the researchers to innovate and develop the engine potential to a better performance and better emission. Ethanol is easy to produce because it is produced from the fermentation of sugar such as sugar cane, grass, corn, barley sugar, etc [4] It is capable of reducing the harmful exhaust emission such as CO, CO2, SOx, smoke opacity and particulate matter [5]. Many researchers have studied about the performance and emission of the diesel ethanol blend They found out that the brake thermal efficiency and fuel consumption of blends may increase [5] and engine power will slightly reduce as well as the emission. The heating value of ethanol blends usually very low, the BTE of the engine may not always be increased depending on the brake power of the engine. As the percentage of ethanol in diesel increase, thermal efficiency may decrease [9]
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