Investigation of Cyclin-D1 immunohistochemical expression in bladder urethelial carcinoma

Abstract

Objective: Cyclin D1 is a protein that is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and is encoded by the CCND1 gene. There are few studies on Cyclin D1 in the literature, and the results differ in the studies. In this study, the relationship between Cyclin D1 Expression and prognostic factors in bladder urothelial carcinomas was investigated. Materials and Methods: Forty-six patients who underwent TUR-M at the Kafkas University Health Research and Application Hospital were included in the study. General information about the cases and pathology reports were obtained from the hospital automation system. Tumor-containing sections were selected from the ready-stained pathology preparations, and immunohistochemical staining was performed manually with Cyclin D1 primary antibody on the blocks of the selected sections, as indicated below. Stained sections were evaluated under the light microscope by scoring 0-4 separately as nuclear and cytoplasmic. Results: The age range of the cases was 51-93, and the mean age was 69.2±11.7. Twelve (26.1%) cases were female and 34 (73.9%) were male. When the histopathological findings were examined, it was observed that 29 (63.0%) of the cases were low-grade and 17 (37.0%) were high-grade. Eighteen (39.1%) of the cases were invasive and 28 (60.9%) were noninvasive. In the statistical analyzes performed, it was noted that invasive tumors had a statistically significantly higher grade compared to non-invasive tumors (pTa) (p= 0.007). Similarly, the presence of lymphovascular invasion in invasive tumors was statistically significantly higher than in non-invasive tumors (p=0.001). It was observed that nuclear cyclin D1 expression (p=0.003) was statistically significantly higher in invasive cases. In addition, nuclear cyclinD1 expression was found to be statistically significantly higher in low-grade tumors (p=0.044). Conclusion: As a result of the study, a relationship between Cyclin D1 expression and tumor grade and invasion status was observed in patients with bladder urethelial carcinoma, but studies with larger case series are needed to use Cyclin D1 as a biomarker. Keywords: bladder, Cyclin D1, urothelial carcinoma, immunohistochemistry