Investigation of Cu–water nano-fluid of natural convection hydro-magnetic heat transport in a Darcian porous regime with diffusion-thermo

Abstract

A theoretical investigation for internal heat generation, suction/injection, diffusion-thermo and nano-particle volume fraction on a chemically reacting hydro-magnetic flow of Cu–water nano-fluid over a semi-infinite vertical surface is presented in this article. The surface has a uniform velocity which is placed in a saturated porous medium. Under thermal equilibrium state, here we consider that the nano-particles are of uniform shape and size. The small perturbation technique is utilized to solve the boundary layer equations, and the solutions are assumed to be oscillatory type. The significant outputs are presented via figures to explain the effects of different controlling variables on the velocity, temperature, concentration, shear stress and rate of heat transfer profiles. As the conductivity of Cupper particles are higher than those of water-based particles, and significantly it is found that the flow velocities are accelerated for the impact of diffusion-thermo/Grashof/internal heat generation. Increasing porosity parameter decelerate the flow velocity for both nano-fluid and base fluid, whereas enhance the temperature for the radiation parameter. For the impact of free convection and diffusion-thermo, growth values of flow velocity are detected for nano-fluid ( $$\mathrm{Cu}$$ ) than the base fluid (water). Furthermore, application of $$\mathrm{Cu}$$ nano-particles can be used in conductive coatings, medical devices, anti-biotic, and textiles. Comparison with previously published works in the limits shows excellent agreement.