Investigation of crystalline structure of plasticized poly (lactic acid)/Banana nanofibers composites

Abstract

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a promising biodegradable candidate to replace synthetic commodity plastics in many applications. However, this polymer shows high brittleness, slow rate and lower degree of crystallization. The addition of plasticizing agents can enhance the toughness, but its effects on the crystallization behavior remain inconclusive. Therefore, this research is aiming to cast light on this area. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at a 2°C/min cooling rate, extruded neat PLA samples showed lower degree of crystallinity and thermal stability. This material shows cold crystallization upon heating and does recrystallize prior melting. These results indicate a clear instability in the crystalline state are confirmed by the crystallographic results by the X-ray diffractions (XRD) pattern and atomic force microscopic imagery. The addition of around 20 wt% of glycerol triacetate (GTA) with 1wt% of banana nanofibers (BNF) almost doubled the crystallinity. This modification is believed to occur through a dilution mechanism in order to increase crystallization rate yielding a more stable crystalline structure as shown by the XRD. However, the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) showed a 30 to 50% reduction in the room temperature storage modulus (stiffness) is in plasticized samples when compared to neat 100% PLA. Although these results shows the possibility to enhance the crystallization through a combination of plasticizing and nanoreinforcing effects, further studies is still needed to optimize the material formulation in order to find the best ratios to secure both a good crystallization and mechanical properties. This will definitively result in a new material that can be used for current and futuristic applications.