Abstract
Cd1 − xMnxFe2O4 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) spinel ferrite nanoparticle samples were synthesized using a flash auto-combustion technique and analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The inspection of dielectric and magnetic properties of the prepared ferrites was carried out by using broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis verified the formation of the main cubic phase with space group Fd3m and a decrease in lattice constants with the increase in Mn-content. FTIR study revealed the two characteristic absorption bands of spinel ferrites and their dependence on Mn-content was investigated and explained. Elastic moduli, bulk modulus, rigidity modulus, Young modulus, and calculated Debye temperature have been studied and found to decrease with the increase in Mn-content. SEM analysis revealed nanoparticles agglomeration of uniform grains with increasing in the average grain size as Mn-content increased. The VSM measurements showed an increase in saturation magnetization accompanied by a decrease in coercivity as Mn-content increased. Dielectric investigations showed very high values of permittivity and dielectric loss at lower frequencies (between 105 and 106 @ 0.1 Hz according to the manganese content) reflecting the combination of exchange of electrons between ferrous and ferric ions and ions’ transport. The ac-conductivity showed a plateau that yields the dc-conductivity at lower frequencies followed by a characteristic frequency at which it tends out to follow a power law. The relation between these two parameters confirms the empirical BNN-relation.
Highlights
In the last few years several researches are carried out on magnetic nanoparticles to increase the potential of applications in this field by improving their physical properties for several industrial and technological applications
Scanning electron Microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis: Surface morphological properties of the cadmium-manganese ferrite samples were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
Fe2Cd1-xMnxO4 spinel ferrite nanoparticles were prepared by using flash auto-combustion method
Summary
In the last few years several researches are carried out on magnetic nanoparticles to increase the potential of applications in this field by improving their physical properties for several industrial and technological applications. Spinel ferrite nanoparticles have the common formula AFe2O4 (A: divalent metal cation) where a face-centered cubic lattice is formed by oxygen ions and A ions located at tetrahedral and/or octahedral sublattice sites [4, 5]. The chemical composition and method of preparation can effectively control the cation distribution in the ferrites. Among these methods is the citrate-gel auto-combustion method that was employed to synthesize the present work This preparation technique has the advantage of producing nano-sized spinel ferrites with high-grade quality in terms of homogeneity and control of stoichiometry, and simplicity related with preparation temperature and time. Spinel Fe2Cd1-xMnxO4 ferrites with x= 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 were prepared by citrate‒gel auto-combustion technique. The dielectric and electrical properties of all samples were studied over a broad range of frequencies ranging from 0.1 Hz to 20 MHz at ambient temperature
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