Abstract
Abstract. In this paper the characteristics of small carbon nanotube (CNT) dipole antennas are investigated on the basis of the thin wire Hallén integral equation (IE). A surface impedance model for the CNT is adopted to account for the specific material properties resulting in a modified kernel function for the integral equation. A numerical solution for the IE gives the current distribution along the CNT. From the current distribution the antenna driving point impedance and the antenna efficiency are computed. The presented numerical examples demonstrate the strong dependence of the antenna characteristics on the used material and show the limitations of nanoscale antennas.
Highlights
The electromagnetic behavior of nanoscale circuits, transmission lines and antenna elements is of special interest for future highly integrated electrical circuits operating at extremely high clock rates
The surface conductances defined in Eqs. (10) and (11) are combined with the integral equation (IE) (6) and solved for the unknown current distribution Iz(z)
The input impedance is obtained from Zin=V0/Iz(0) and the radiation efficiency is given by η = Rin Rin + Rhf with Rhf =
Summary
The electromagnetic behavior of nanoscale circuits, transmission lines and antenna elements is of special interest for future highly integrated electrical circuits operating at extremely high clock rates. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are interesting components for further miniaturization of electrical circuits and can be used as signal transmission lines as well as for antenna elements Their small dimensions demand a special treatment. In antenna theory the metallic conductors in the investigated structures are treated as perfect electric conductors (Balanis, 1997) This assumption does not hold at nanoscale dimensions. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) exhibit ballistic transport over length of several μm and have a relaxation time which is approximately 50 times greater than in copper (Jishi et al, 1993). This offers the applicability of CNTs for the transmission and reception of electromagnetic signals
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