Abstract
Aim: This seroprevalence study was carried out to detect anti Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus (CAEV) antibodies in goat sera in five States in Sudan during 2009 and 2010. Materials and Methods: In this study, 432 sera samples collected from five States in Sudan were screened for anti-CAEV antibodies using a commercially available competitive ELISA (cELISA) kit. Results: Out of 432 samples, 25 (5.8%) tested positive using ELISA. The highest prevalence was recorded in El-Gazira State (19%), whereas the prevalence was 10.7% in Kassala State, 0.92% in Khartoum State and no samples tested positive from Northern and River Nile States. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the disease had spread to other states, apart from its previously known prevalence in Khartoum, in Sudan. Our results call for better control and quarantine measures on imports of live animals into Sudan for genetic improvement programs. Further epizootiological investigations on CAEV in goats and Maedi Visna Virus in sheep at a national level are also needed to carefully monitor and prevent its spread and also to determine its impact on the economy of Sudan.
Highlights
Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) comprise Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus (CAEV) of goats and Maedi Visna Virus (MVV) of sheep [1]
CAEV Seropositivity in goat breeds detected by competitive ELISA (cELISA)
An interesting factor that was common to these reports is that all these countries imported animals from Europe which facilitated the introduction and spread of the disease. This highlights the fact that the spread of SRLVs occurred predominantly via importation of animals [22, 23]. Further evidence for such a mode of spread of the infection comes from previous studied which showed that in Japan [24] and Mexico [25], CAEV was found in goats that were imported for their genetic improvement programs
Summary
Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) comprise Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus (CAEV) of goats and Maedi Visna Virus (MVV) of sheep [1]. These retroviruses cause chronic inflammatory disease that affects brain, lungs, joints, and mammary glands causing considerable economic losses and reduced animal production and welfare worldwide [2]. Viral transmission between goats and sheep has been reported [8, 9]. Recent molecular epidemiological studies have shown that the two viruses (CAEV and MVV) represent a spectrum of variants that infect both sheep and goats, respectively. Some variants are restricted to either sheep or goats
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