Abstract
Bisphenol-substituted spirocyclic phosphazene derivatives were synthesized in 85%–94% yields and analyzed for flame retardant application to cotton fabric using Limiting Oxygen Index, Fourier transform infrared thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, microscale combustion calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The thermogravimetric analysis methods indicate a decomposition pathway consistent for phosphorus-nitrogen-containing compounds. Levoglucosan phosphorylation and carbonaceous char formation were observed. Limiting Oxygen Index testing of these compounds on cotton-based fabrics showed improved flame resistance compared to untreated fabrics.
Highlights
Industrial, governmental, and academic research groups have sought for years to synthesize effective flame retardant (FR) compounds for application to cotton textile, and many reviews have been written on this subject.[1,2,3] In recent years, legislative action in the European community has restricted the use of some FRs, causing the focus of research to shift toward nitrogen- and phosphorusbased compounds
Cotton twill treated with low concentrated solutions of TSDBC 3 and DBDBC 4 was analyzed for FR properties using Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), TGA, DSC, microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
Two bisphenol-substituted cyclotriphosphazene monomers were synthesized in high yields and tested for FR properties using TGA and LOI standardized methods
Summary
Industrial, governmental, and academic research groups have sought for years to synthesize effective flame retardant (FR) compounds for application to cotton textile, and many reviews have been written on this subject.[1,2,3] In recent years, legislative action in the European community has restricted the use of some FRs, causing the focus of research to shift toward nitrogen- and phosphorusbased compounds. Phosphorus-nitrogen-based FR compounds retard in the condensed phase of combustion through a mechanism of protective phosphorylation of the cellulosic polymer and the formation of protective char.[4,5,6] Given the pressing need to find evermore effective FRs, this research group began investigating phosphazene derivatives which have high percentages of phosphorus and nitrogen in their molecular structures. This research searched for synthesized, high-yielding phosphazene derivatives, which offer promise as FRs and are covalently linked to cotton fabrics, unlike the aforementioned blends which are extruded as polymers or coated onto fabric. This investigation explored the thermal decomposition of the FR using microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC), differential scanning
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