Abstract
This review is provided with a detailed overview of the types, structures, properties, nano-bio interactions, positive and negative biological effects, assays and models for identifying nanoparticles, and applications of nanoparticles in biological systems especially using the cell lines. Nanoparticles are tiny particles with a size range of 1–100 nm. Particles having similar structure will have similarity in their chemical and biological properties. There are different varieties of nanoparticles with varying physical and chemical properties and geometry. The properties varying are size, shape, morphology, surface area, aspect ratio, chemical composition, chemical reactivity, and zeta potential. Due to these properties, these particles are being used in commercial and domestic applications including medical, energy research, catalysis, imaging, and environmental applications. Interactions of nanoparticles with biological systems will lead to certain desirable and undesirable effects. The mechanisms of these biological effects are investigated thoroughly to understand the structure activity relationships. The present study will provide more information on the sustainable development of nanotechnology.
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