Abstract
The autostereoscopic display is a promising way towards three-dimensional-display technology since it allows humans to perceive stereoscopic images with naked eyes. However, it faces great challenges from low resolution, narrow viewing angle, ghost images, eye strain, and fatigue. Nowadays, the prevalent liquid crystal display (LCD), the organic light-emitting diode (OLED), and the emerging micro light-emitting diode (Micro-LED) offer more powerful tools to tackle these challenges. First, we comprehensively review various implementations of autostereoscopic displays. Second, based on LCD, OLED, and Micro-LED, their pros and cons for the implementation of autostereoscopic displays are compared. Lastly, several novel implementations of autostereoscopic displays with Micro-LED are proposed: a Micro-LED light-stripe backlight with an LCD, a high-resolution Micro-LED display with a micro-lens array or a high-speed scanning barrier/deflector, and a transparent floating display. This work could be a guidance for Micro-LED applications on autostereoscopic displays.
Highlights
Human eyes are capable of perceiving three-dimensional (3D) scenes and sensing the depth of objects, but the present two-dimensional (2D) displays are unable to show the depth perception, so people are pursuing more advanced 3D displays to make images closer to the reality
A parallax barrier or a lenticular sheet can achieve this. These methods usually redistribute the pixels evenly into two eyes, and this is called spatial multiplex. It is compatible with the modern liquid crystal display (LCD) or organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, but the drawback is that it reduces the resolution and luminance of the display
We comprehensively reviewed the understanding of how human eyes physiologically perceive three-dimensional objects, and the optical principles behind autostereoscopic displays, including the concept of the light field, parallax barrier, lenticular lens, integral imaging, and electronic holography
Summary
Human eyes are capable of perceiving three-dimensional (3D) scenes and sensing the depth of objects, but the present two-dimensional (2D) displays are unable to show the depth perception, so people are pursuing more advanced 3D displays to make images closer to the reality. Accommodation refers to the adjustment of focal length of eyes on the watched object; convergence refers to the rotation of eyeballs to converge on the perceived point; binocular parallax, or binocular disparity, refers to the slightly different perceived images from left and right eyes, and the brain merges the two images into a stereoscopic image. It is the most important depth cue utilized in 3D displays. They still face challenges such as image blur, low resolution, narrow viewing angular range, limited viewing distance, eye strain, and fatigue [3,4]
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