Investigation of attributes of bourbon oil and cobalt nitrate constituted electrospun nanoscaffolds for blood compatibility and in vitro bone formation.

Saravana K Jaganathan,Mohan P Mani

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202120201140

Abstract

This work aims to fabricate scaffold using polyurethane (PU) integrated with bourbon oil (BB) and cobalt nitrate (CoNO3) using the electrospinning technique. Morphological investigation signified a fall in fibre diameter for the PU/BB and PU/BB/CoNO3 nanocomposite than the PU. Spectral analysis indicated that BB and CoNO3 were added within the PU matrix. Wettability analysis insinuated an increase in the hydrophobic nature of the PU/BB than the PU. PU/BB/CoNO3 turned to be hydrophilic due to the integration of CoNO3 in the polymer matrix. Mechanical testing of PU/BB and PU/BB/CoNO3 indicated an increase in the tensile strength of the fabricated composites. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) portrayed the reduction in the roughness of the PU/BB and PU/BB/CoNO3 compared to the PU. The coagulation studies invariably documented the improved anticoagulant behaviour and less toxic nature of the PU/BB and PU/BB/CoNO3 in comparison with the PU. Further, bone mineralization testing revealed the enhanced apatite formation of the nanocomposite. Nanocomposite scaffolds with the fore-mentioned properties hold good potential for bone tissue engineering.

Highlights

Owing to the limited self-regenerative potential, mostly large-sized bone defects cannot heal on their own (Neffe et al 2014)
FESEM images (Figure 1) revealed nanofibres of electrospun PU, PU/BB and PU/BB/CoNO3 membranes were randomly distributed without any beads
The electrospun PU/BB, PU/BB/CoNO3 nanocomposite exhibited a reduced fibre diameter. This is attributed to the added constituents like BB oil and CoNO3

Summary

Introduction

Owing to the limited self-regenerative potential, mostly large-sized bone defects cannot heal on their own (Neffe et al 2014). Major defects due to trauma or infection (osteomyelitis) are treated using autografts, allografts and xenografts which are the golden standard procedures. Their several drawbacks such as disease transfer, inadequate availability and reproducibility, donor availability and immune rejection hindered their widespread application in clinics (Bokov et al 2018). The three lead components that are vital for any tissue engineering applications are scaffolds, cells and growth factors. Among these components, scaffold plays a major role in the cellular attachment and proliferation for de novo tissue growth (Amini et al 2012, Ho-ShuiLing et al 2018)

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