Investigation of atomic behavior and pool boiling heat transfer of water/Fe nanofluid under different external heat fluxes and forces: A molecular dynamics approach

Abstract

The boiling process is an efficient and effective heat transfer mode. Generally, different parameters such as temperature, pressure, external forces, etc., amend the pool boiling heat transfer (PBHT) rate. The present article uses molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to study the efficacy of different external forces(EFs) and heat fluxes (HFs) on the atomic and PBHT of water/Fe nanofluid (NF) flow. This study is performed in a microchannel (MC) with Fe-walls. The atomic behavior of the simulated structure is examined using the change in maximum temperature (T), maximum velocity(V), and maximum density(D), and the PBHT is studied by the phase change time (PCT) and HF. Results show that the maximum values of T, V, and D increase with increasing the EF and HF. Numerically, with increasing EF from 0.001 to 0.005 eV/Å, the maximum D, maximum V, and maximum T increase from 0.033 atom/Å 3 , 0.038 Å/fs, and 789 K to 0.034 atom/Å 3 , 0.039 Å/fs, and 900 K, respectively. Also, the result appears that the HF increases by increasing the applied EF, and the PCT reduces from 0.33 to 0.32 ns. So, the PBHT in the NF improves with increasing EF. On the other hand, the increase in external HF led to a reduction in the PCT (from 0.33 to 0.21 ns).