Investigation of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Properties and Specification of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Derived From Cicer arietinum L. Green Leaf Extract.

Ayşe Baran,Sevgi İrtegün Kandemir,Dragica Selakovic,Mehmet Tevfik Adican,Aziz Eftekhari,Elham Ahmadian,Mehmet Fırat Baran,Gvozden Rosić,Abdulkerim Hatipoğlu,Afat Mammadova,Cumali Keskin,Rovshan Khalilov,Ömer Yavuz

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.855136

Abstract

Using biological materials to synthesize metallic nanoparticles has become a frequently preferred method by researchers. This synthesis method is both fast and inexpensive. In this study, an aqueous extract obtained from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) (CA) leaves was used in order to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). For specification of the synthesized AgNPs, UV-vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray (EDX), and zeta potential (ZP) analyses data were used. Biologically synthesized AgNPs demonstrated a maximum surface plasmon resonance of 417.47 nm after 3 h. With the powder XRD model, the mean crystallite dimension of nanoparticles was determined as 12.17 mm with a cubic structure. According to the TEM results, the dimensions of the obtained silver nanoparticles were found to be 6.11–9.66 nm. The ZP of the electric charge on the surface of AgNPs was measured as −19.6 mV. The inhibition effect of AgNPs on food pathogen strains and yeast was determined with the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) method. AgNPs demonstrated highly effective inhibition at low concentrations especially against the growth of B. subtilis (0.0625) and S. aureus (0.125) strains. The cytotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles on cancerous cell lines (CaCo-2, U118, Sk-ov-3) and healthy cell lines (HDF) were revealed. Despite the increase of AgNPs used against cancerous and healthy cell lines, no significant decrease in the percentage of viability was detected.

Highlights

Nanotechnology is revealing new perspectives for the diagnosis and cure of numerous deadly autoimmune and chronic disorders like cancer (Kafshdooz et al, 2018; Yadi et al, 2018)
The rapid and green synthesis of CA-AgNPs was successfully completed using the available phytochemicals in Cicer arietinum leaf extract as reducing agents
UV-vis absorption, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and electron dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses confirmed the synthesis of silver nanoparticles

Summary

Introduction

Nanotechnology is revealing new perspectives for the diagnosis and cure of numerous deadly autoimmune and chronic disorders like cancer (Kafshdooz et al, 2018; Yadi et al, 2018). Nanoparticles are considered antimicrobial agents because they show good antibacterial properties resulting from their extensive surface area and volume that provides desired contact with the bacterial cell (Kumar et al, 2016). In recent years to examine the morphological properties of nanoparticles, laser CVD, physical adsorption, and emulsion polymerization techniques are commonly being used These technologies require the usage of stabilizing/ reducing harmful chemicals or non-biologically degradable agents (Jayaprakash et al, 2017). Living organisms in nature can convert metal salts into nanoparticles by reducing them In this context, scientific studies have focused on synthesizing these nanomaterials from non-artificial sources like plants (Aktepe and Baran, 2021), bacteria (Javaid et al, 2018), fungi (Molnár et al, 2018), algae (Parial et al, 2012), seaweeds (Chellapandian et al, 2019), and viruses (Mohmed et al, 2017)

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