Abstract
The plant (Xylocarpus mekongensis) of the Sundarbans mangrove origin was evaluated for its antibacterial, cytotoxic and antioxidant properties using methanolic and chloroformic leaf, stem and bark extracts, respectively. The methanolic extracts contained higher amount of total phenolics, flavonoids, tannins than the chloroformic extracts and the result was in correlation with their ferric reducing power ability as well. However, the chloroformic bark extract contained more potent DPPH free radical scavenging activity than others. Antibacterial activity of the extracts was determined against both Gram-positive (Micrococcus and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella paratyphi) by disc diffusion assay and their zone of inhibitions (ZOI) were measured. Moreover, their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by tube dilution method. Chloroformic bark and stem extracts showed strong inhibition to growth of P. aeruginosa (ZOI = 19 mm and MIC = 150 μg/ml) and S. aureus (ZOI = 19.5 mm and MIC = 250 μg/ml), respectively. All six extracts were subjected to brine shrimp lethality bioassay for possible measure of cytotoxicity. Concentration dependent increment in percentage mortality of brine Shrimp nauplii produced by the extracts indicated the presence of cytotoxic principles in these extractives. Therefore, Xylocarpus mekongensis showed antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities.
Highlights
The mangroves are a promising source of natural products as several bioactive compounds have been isolated [1] [2]
The genus Xylocarpus consists of Xylocarpus granatum, X. moluccensis, X. mekongensis, X. rumphii that are ethnomedicinally important mangrove plants
These plants are reported for their antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antidyslipidemia, antimicrobials, antidiarrhoeal, antifilarial, antiulcer and cardiotonic properties [5]-[14] investigated the antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of X. mekongensis methanolic, ethyl acetate and chloroform bark extracts
Summary
The mangroves are a promising source of natural products as several bioactive compounds have been isolated [1] [2]. Xylocarpus mekongenesis (X. mekongenesis) (Lamk.) L.Mohan (Meliaceae) is commonly known as Passur It is a glabrous, medium-sized tree that grows generally on the inter-tidal silty but consolidated clay or on the sandy or rocky bay distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of Southeast Asia including the Sundarbans [3]. Barks, pneumatophore and fruits of these plants have been reported for various ethnomedicinal uses such as fever, malaria, inflammation, dysentery, diarrhoea, cholera, abdominal problems, diabetes, elephantiasis, antimicrobials etc. In recent times, these plants are reported for their antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antidyslipidemia, antimicrobials, antidiarrhoeal, antifilarial, antiulcer and cardiotonic properties [5]-[14] investigated the antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of X. mekongensis methanolic, ethyl acetate and chloroform bark extracts. The present study took into account three different types of plant materials including bark and in addition, antioxidant activities from these extracts were determined
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