Abstract
In this study, a catalog of β-cryptoxanthin (βCX) and its fatty acid esters (βCXFAs) in citrus fruits were constructed. The peel and pulp of citrus fruits from nine Japanese cultivars and one foreign cultivar were surveyed by supercritical fluid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (SFC/QqQMS). In each citrus sample, the major components were βCX and its laurate ester, myristate ester, palmitate ester, and oleate ester. However, the composition ratio of βCXFA varied with the citrus breed and between the pulp and the peel of the fruit in most cultivars. The SFC/QqQMS system could be used to obtain new information about βCXs and carry out further discussion on the feature and tendency of each citrus variety.
Highlights
Carotenoids are fat-soluble pigments that are configured by combining eight isoprene units and are known to have various physiological functions attributed to their antioxidant activity, such as prevention of heart disease and cancer. β-Carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin constitute more than 90% of the carotenoid content of the human body [1]
The peel and pulp of citrus fruits from nine Japanese cultivars and one foreign cultivar were surveyed by supercritical fluid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (SFC/QqQMS)
Some epidemiological studies have shown that βCX is the only carotenoid that can reduce the risk of cancer, diabetes, and rheumatism [1,4,5]. βCX is a xanthophyll that exists in free as well as fatty-acid-esterified forms in physiological tissues [6]. β-Cryptoxanthin fatty acid ester has high hydrophobicity, and it has structurally similar compounds having different types of fatty acid chains
Summary
Carotenoids are fat-soluble pigments that are configured by combining eight isoprene units and are known to have various physiological functions attributed to their antioxidant activity, such as prevention of heart disease and cancer. β-Carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin (βCX) constitute more than 90% of the carotenoid content of the human body [1]. Β-Carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin (βCX) constitute more than 90% of the carotenoid content of the human body [1]. Citrus unshiu (Unshu mikan), a seedless and easy-peeling citrus species, is the most widely consumed fruit in Japan, and its main carotenoid constituent is βCX [2]. In Japan, numerous βCX-rich citrus breeds have been developed for promoting the consumption of domestic citrus varieties. Japanese citrus varieties such as Unshu mikan have higher βCX content than the citrus varieties cultivated in the US [8]. In this study, a catalog of the βCX and βCXFA in nine kinds of Japanese citrus fruits was created using the aforementioned SFC/QqQMS system
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