Abstract
ABSTRACT Block caving is an efficient underground mining method for extracting massive and low-grade ore deposits, which are too deep for traditional open-pit mining. However, in the case of orebodies with uranium mineralization, the extraction of broken rock from drawpoints will bring harmful radon gas into working areas. Airborne diesel particulate matter and dust produced from mining activities also contribute to the emissions on the production level. Maintaining relatively negative pressure in the cave by installing exhaust fans is one of the most effective approaches to mitigate gas emission concerns. The selection of proper fan systems is highly related to airflow behavior within the cave. Due to the dynamic caving process and complex cave structure, estimation of cave airflow resistance through field studies is difficult. This study developed a 1:100 scaled experimental and numerical model to investigate the effects of cave parameters (cave porosity, particle size, and undercut structure) on airflow resistance under parallel fan conditions. Results showed that cave airflow resistance increases with decreasing cave porosity and particle size; cave airflow behavior is significantly affected by undercut drift closure and the use of additional fans. This study provides valuable information to optimize ventilation system design in block cave mines.
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