Abstract
Decolourization process of neutralized sunflower oil was carried out with activated carbon products obtained from pyrolysis liquid products. The effect of parameters such as time, temperature, moisture and dosage on bleaching sunflower oil was investigated. It was found that activated carbon samples are an effective adsorbent for decolourization process of sunflower oil. It was determined that the ability of adsorption of the activated carbon samples at 20 °C temperature is higher than that of the bleaching earth which is used for this purpose. The analysis results directly prove that activated carbons remove the unwanted pigments and residues from sunflower oil. Moreover, activated carbon sample A2 has a more positive effect on pigment removal than other activated carbon samples (A1 and A3). 1% of activated carbon sample A2, 0.01% sunflower oil moisture, 20 °C temperature and 30 min contact time are optimal values in a sunflower oil bleaching process. Therefore, these activated carbon samples can be used to bleach sunflower oil instead of bleaching earth.
Highlights
Vegetable oils and fats are important constituents of human foodstuffs
The length and diameter of carbon particles were measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and it was determined that in 500 times enlarged description (Fig. 1a) activated carbon materials are visible in porous tubular structure
The adsorption of the color pigments in neutralized sunflower oil with different types of activated carbon and commercial earth material has been examined at different temperatures, contact times, moisture and bleaching material dosages
Summary
Vegetable oils and fats are important constituents of human foodstuffs. Approximately 70% of all oils produced in the world are of vegetable origin. Vegetable oils contain minor components, which affect the end-product quality by alteration of its taste, colour and process efficiency. Free fatty acids (FFA), pigments, phosphatides, partial glycerides, oxidation products, and some trace elements such as iron, copper, sulphur and halogens are undesirable substances of oil. These impurities can be removed at various steps in the conventional chemical refining, which includes degumming, neutralization, washing, drying, bleaching, filtration and deodorization. Efficient industrial processing involves removing these impurities with the least possible effect on the desired components and the least possible loss of neutral oil [1,2,3,4]
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