Investigation of a grid-integrated hybrid energy system for residential and electric vehicle (3-wheeler) loads under schedule grid outage

Abstract

Due to the global energy crisis and the limited availability of conventional fuels and their reserves in certain areas, the utilization of renewable energy resources is significantly paramount for sustainable development. Grid disruptions have been discovered in areas where demand for electricity has surpassed supply. The purpose of this work is to size a grid-integrated hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) during a scheduled power outage. The HRES model was created to meet the requirements for residential load as well as EV charging load at midnight when the residential load is lower. Using the HOMER Pro software tool, the HRES system is developed to satisfy the residentialload demand of 1940 kWh/day and the electric vehicle (3-wheeler) charging load requirement of 645 kWh/day, respectively. This study examined the effects of grid purchasing capacity and grid scheduling outages on techno-economic and environmental performance. The results show that the most optimal configuration among the various configurations is the PV/WT/Batt with grid-integrated system, which has a COE of 0.0714 $/kWh, an NPC of $1,822,653, and emits 164,812 kg/yr of CO2 into the environment. The optimized system consists of a 377 kW PV module, a 2 kW wind turbine, an 836 kWh battery bank, and a 237 kW inverter. In addition, the impacts of sensitivity of the grid purchase and selling capacity, and the different tariffs on the techno-economic indicators of the HRES have been investigated. The daytime grid outage lowers environmental emissions and increases the renewable contribution compared to the grid outage at night. Reducing the grid’s purchase capacity while increasing the share of renewable energy provides significant advantages. The stand-alone PV/Batt has a higher COE (0.26 $/kWh) than the PV/Batt system (0.072 $/kWh) with the net metering option connected to the national grid.