Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have many advantages (e.g., high voltage and long-life cycle) in comparison to other energy storage technologies (e.g., lead acid), resulting in their applicability in a wide variety of structures. Simultaneously, the thermal stability of LIBs is relatively poor and can be damaged by exposure to fire. This paper presents an investigation into a fire resistance safety test for LIBs and the use of thermal sensors to evaluate exposure conditions and estimate the temperatures to which cells are subjected. Temperature distribution data and statistical analysis show significant differences of over 200 ∘C, indicating the stochastic nature of the heating curve despite following the testing procedure requirements. We concluded that the current testing procedure is inadequate for the reliable testing of LIBs, leaving an alarming loophole in the fire safety evaluation. The observed instability is mostly related to wind speed and direction, and fire source size.
Highlights
During phase A, temperatures slowly increased until the 60 s mark due to the specimen cart movement toward the fire source
The key issues with the uncertainties in the R100.02 procedure are related to the wind’s influence on fire behavior, unsteady burning rate, and relatively small fire source compared to the specimen
Temperature data obtained during the fire resistance test of a RESS showed that even with the precautions required by the reference document, the flame source is highly stochastic in nature
Summary
The goal of this study was primarily to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the failure prevention procedure R100.02 and to present the thermal runaway possibility of the tested system
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