Abstract
This paper presents a detailed discussion of the experimental analysis of the external noise produced by a Chinese high-speed train traveling at different speeds. Based on the delay and sum beam-forming method, a microphone array with 78 microphones was used to measure the external noise produced by the train moving at speeds of up to 390 km/h. The experiment and its analysis showed that the main noise produced by the train originates in three areas: the wheel/rail system (or bogies), the pantograph, and the inter-coach gaps of the train. The frequency characteristics and sound exposure level (SEL) of these main sources were analyzed for different speeds. In the range of 5000 Hz, the SELs of the three main noise sources are clearly identified. Along the vertical height of the train, as seen from the rail head, the maximum noise levels always occur in the wheel/rail area. At different measurement field points, the predominant noise components of the total noise have different frequencies that vary with the train speed. Furthermore, at the measurement points, the rolling noise has a greater contribution to the total noise than the aerodynamic noise. The experimental results and their corresponding analysis are very useful for the control and reduction of the external noise produced by high-speed trains.
Highlights
The noise generated by high-speed trains is a sensitive issue, as high-speed train tracks are built in densely populated areas, where prior noise levels were very low
This paper presents the test results and an analysis of external noise characteristics produced by a Chinese high-speed train traveling at different speeds
The following conclusions can be drawn: 1. External noise identification of the high-speed train shows that main noise originates at three areas: the wheel/rail systems, the pantograph, and the inter-coach gaps
Summary
The noise generated by high-speed trains is a sensitive issue, as high-speed train tracks are built in densely populated areas, where prior noise levels were very low. It has been difficult to clearly distinguish the location of these noise sources and their independent contribution to the total noise of a traveling high-speed train In this respect, the beam-forming method is able to effectively identify individual noise sources. Within the Deutsche Bahn ‘low-noise railway’ project, noise sources from ICE high-speed trains were recognized in a frequency range of 200–3150 Hz. noise source identification experiments on TGV trains moving at speeds from 250 km/h to 320 km/h were carried out, and the distribution of aerodynamic and wheel/rail rolling noise was analyzed (Mellet et al, 2006). In the frequency range of 2500–4500 Hz, the noise was distributed along the train height Another noise source identification of Korean high-speed trains was carried out by Noh et al (2011). The frequency characteristics of the pass-by noises and assessment of the wayside noises are provided
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