Investigation For Shrinkage Deformation In The Desktop 3D Printer Process By Using DOE Approach Of The ABS Materials

Abstract

Nowadays, 3D printing (3DP) has become a popular personal approach as it being able to produce a product more quickly and increased accessibility. 3DP was also known as Rapid Prototyping (RP) where it builds three-dimensional (3D) products using layer by layer method from a Computer Aided Design (CAD) files. However, dimensional accuracy (DA) was one of the major problems of these technologies. Thus, it is important to evaluate the best parameter in order to find out the best adjustment to avoid the dimensional error. The objectives of this study were to find the best parameter setting and to evaluate the influence of the changing parameter in 3D part shrinkage error. This study only focused on desktop 3D printer machines, which was the Odyssex Designex X2 and the material used was Acrylonitrile Butadiene Stryrene (ABS). In investigate which factors that most significant to shrinkage, DOE approach was used with parameters such as layer thickness (LT), nozzle temperature (NT), print speed (PS), infill density (ID) and bed temperature (BT). Minitab software has been used for analysis purposes. The significant process parameter effect and the best setting of parameter were determined from ANOVA, Main Effect Plot (MEP) and regression method. Finally, from the results of this study, BT was the most significant effect to shrinkage (SK) and the best setting for achieving less value in SK in ABS materials was LT = 0.25mm, NT = 235°C, PS = 55mm/s, ID = 25% and BT = 100°C. The validation runs was conducted based on the best setting value and it shows that the different between predicted value and actual value was 2.56%. This means that the model was reasonably accurate and the best parameter setting was highly recommended. The results also proved the quality of products was improved by using the DOE approach.