Investigation by direct-infusion ESI–MS and GC–MS of an alleged Leuckart route-specific impurity of methamphetamine

Abstract

Impurity profiling has been used as a useful tool for analyzing nearly every drug class currently known on the illicit market. Impurities present within seized samples have the potential to determine source of origin, route of synthesis used, as well as provide a useful clue into the potential reaction mechanisms that are present for each synthetic procedure. Perhaps the most well studied of these impurity profiles exists for methamphetamine, including information to more than one route of synthesis. Within the present study, a complete synthesis of methamphetamine was performed, including a reductive amination of phenylpropanone (P2P) using methylamine hydrochloride and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (STAB) rather than the conventional aluminum mercury amalgam commonly found in the literature. During the analysis of the final product from this reaction, a major impurity within the reaction, bis(1-phenylpropan-2-yl)amine (m/z 253), was detected by GC–MS as well as direct-infusion ESI–MS. This impurity has been previously reported as a Leuckart route-specific impurity. Its detection within the reductive amination of P2P points towards the use of impure methylamine hydrochloride containing some traces of acid, and provides further insight into the reductive amination of P2P. In both the Leuckart reaction and this reductive amination via STAB, the presence of acid and ammonia leads to this impurity.