Abstract
Simulated impact damage testing was investigated by fractal image analysis using response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCF) on quality of ‘Glom Sali’ guava for drop heights (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 m), number of drops (1, 3, and 5) and storage temperature conditions (10, 20, and 30 °C). After 48 h, impacted fruit were determined and analyzed for bruise area (BA), bruise volume (BV), browning index (BI), total color difference (∆E), image analysis for bruise area (BAI), and fractal dimension (FD) at the bruising region on peeled guava. Results showed that the correlation coefficient (r = −0.6055) between ∆E and FD value was higher than ∆E and either BA (r = 0.3132) or BV (r = 0.2095). The FD variable was determined as a better indicator than conventional measurement (BA or BV) for pulp browning and impact bruising susceptibility. The FD variable also exhibited highest R2adj value (81.69%) among the other five variables, as the highest precision model with high determination coefficient value (R2adj) (>0.8) for impact bruising prediction. Recommended condition of the FD variable to minimize impact bruising was drop height of 0.53 m for five drops under storage at 30 °C. FD variable assessed by image analysis was shown to be a highly capable measurement to determine impact bruising susceptibility in guava fruit.
Highlights
Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is one of the most famous and economically important fruits in Thailand, with an export value in 2020 worth 5.50 million USD [1]
fractal dimension (FD) values, the selected bruise area (BA) was transformed into a binary image (Figure 4)
Fractal image analysis of guava impact bruising was varied in the drop test under response surface methodology (RSM) design (Table 4)
Summary
Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is one of the most famous and economically important fruits in Thailand, with an export value in 2020 worth 5.50 million USD [1]. Guava is a climacteric fruit with a round shape and thin skin that bruises . Thai agriculture and ASEAN standards of guava require slight defects on the skin not exceeding 10% of the total surface area of guava fruit [3,4]. Bruising effects can be distinguished from quality changes in guava such as browning, softening of the fruit peel, cell destruction, and reduction in intercellular air spaces resulting in the bruised tissue losing moisture and becoming desiccated [5]. When a fruit falls with sufficient force against a surface, impact damage occurs, while dynamic damage of a single fruit occurs through fruit-to-fruit impact between packaging. Fruit dropping from trees to the ground during harvesting, dynamic impact between single fruit, and between the fruit and packaging or containers are all causes of impact damage [6]
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