Investigation and Early Treatment of Acute Stroke

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Stroke is defined by sudden loss of brain function due to interference to the blood supply of the brain or from compression of the brain related to intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage. It is important to recognize that appropriate evaluation and management of patients with stroke can reduce the associated morbidity and risk of recurrence. METHODS: We review the guidelines for management of patients with ischemic stroke, intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage provided by American Heart Association. We provide a concise account of the general principles of evaluation and management of patients who present with acute stroke. RESULTS: Since the availability of thrombolytic therapy, it is important to screen all patients with acute stroke for eligibility to receive intravenous (or intraarterial) thrombolysis. Familiarity to mandatory aspects about history, neuroimaging, and laboratory work-up is helpful in expedient decision-making. Appropriate diagnostic tests are important to detect an underlying predisposing condition that can result in recurrent ischemic events. Depending upon the predisposing condition long-term antiplatelet or antocoagulant therapy can reduce the risk of recurrence. CONCLUSION: Efforts directed towards appropriate evaluation and management of patients with acute stroke can reduce the associated morbidity and risk of recurrence.