Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a type of thermoprocessable and biodegradable polyester, which represent a potential sustainable replacement for fossil-fuel synthetic polymers, such as polypropylene and polyethylene. In recent years, copolymers of PHAs, i.e., poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), have received attention for medical and packaging industrial applications, due to their biodegradable, toxic-free, and biocompatible nature. This study investigated and characterized plasma-treated PHB and PHBV films fermented with Ralstonia eutropha H16. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angle analyses on the plasma-treated PHB and PHBV film surfaces revealed an increase in the number of functional groups and contact angle degree, respectively, compared to that of the untreated films. In addition, an in vitro experiment of mouse adipose-derived stem cells showed better growth and adhesion of the cells on the surface of plasma-treated PHBV film. Overall, these results reveal that plasma surface modifications are useful in biomaterial development.
Highlights
There is an increasing demand to develop a new generation of materials either by synthetic or natural manner
The 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of PHBV showed that the methyl protons (–CH3 (1)) of the 3-HB side chain corresponded to the doublet at 1.3 ppm, while the methyl protons (–CH3 (5)) of the 3-HV side chain was represented by the triplet at 0.9 ppm
Our results reveal that the PHBV with and without plasma surface modifications showed enhanced levels of protein expression compared to those of PHB films, except nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB) protein expression
Summary
There is an increasing demand to develop a new generation of materials either by synthetic or natural manner. These materials should be characterized with eco-friendly, biocompatible, or biodegradable properties [1,2]. Biopolymers, synthesized by living organisms, can meet such demands as well as maintain compatible physical, mechanical, and chemical properties to those conventional polymer materials. Biopolymers represent an attractive value for industrial applications as packaging and biomedical materials. Biopolymers can be conducted in the fields of tissue engineering, drug delivery, nano-medicine, and biomedical devices due to the several advantages, such as biodegradable property and non-cytotoxic effect [3,4,5,6,7].
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