Abstract
Because of its ecological characteristics, the Caxiuanã National Forest (FLONA) is a potential area of arbovirus circulation. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of arbovirus transmission cycles at FLONA de Caxiuanã. Five field trips were performed to capture mosquitoes and sylvatic vertebrates. For these vertebrates, we attempted viral isolation by cell monolayer inoculation from blood, and hemagglutination inhibition and further seroneutralization assays from sera. For mosquitoes, we performed tests of viral genome detection. A total of 338 vertebrates were captured, and the greatest representative was birds (251/74.26%). A total of 16,725 mosquitoes were captured, distributed among 56 species. There were no viruses isolated by newborn mouse inoculation. Among birds, antibodies against Ilheus virus were the most prevalent. Catu virus, Caraparu virus, and Mucambo virus were the most prevalent among mammals and reptiles. Fragments of Mucambo virus, Ilheus virus, Bussuquara virus, and Rocio virus genome were detected in a pool of mosquito samples. These results of the study suggest the occurrence of arbovirus transmission cycles in the FLONA of Caxiuanã. The proximity of human populations with elements, involved in transmission cycles, makes surveillance necessary in this population to avoid dispersion of arboviruses to naïve locations.
Highlights
Arboviruses are an extensive viral group that shares antigenic similarities and can be maintained in nature through transmission by infected hematophagous arthropods [1,2,3]
The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of transmission cycles the FLONA of Caxiuanã through attempts at viral isolation, detection of antibodies, and identification of arboviruses in the FLONA of Caxiuanã through attempts at viral isolation, detection of antibodies, of fragments of arboviral genomes, from biological samples obtained from animals captured in and identification of fragments of arboviral genomes, from biological samples obtained from animals the FLONA
The wild mammals presented serological profile with more frequent detections of Orthobunyavirus genus, which is different to those observed in other investigations [7,25], which showed a high prevalence of Flavivirus genus antibodies
Summary
Arboviruses are an extensive viral group that shares antigenic similarities and can be maintained in nature through transmission by infected hematophagous arthropods [1,2,3]. Transmission cycles of arboviruses usually occur in sylvatic environments and require the involvement of vertebrate hosts (in general, birds and small mammals) and arthropods vectors [3,4]. In Brazil, the endemicity of arboviruses is concentrated mostly in the Atlantic and Amazon forest biomes [7]. The Amazon region is considered an area of high endemicity for several arboviruses due to its great diversity of animals hosts and vectors, which makes the Amazon Forest one of the biggest reservoirs of arboviruses in the world [8].
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