Investigating Wireless Charging and Mobility of Electric Vehicles on Electricity Market

Abstract

To avoid inconvenient vehicle stops at charging stations, on-road wireless charging of electric vehicles (EVs) is a promising application in the future smart grid. In this paper, we study a critical yet open problem for this application, i.e., the impact of wireless charging and mobility of EVs on the wholesale electricity market based on locational marginal price (LMP), which is mainly determined by the EV mobility patterns. To capture the dynamics in vehicle traffic flow and state of charge of EV batteries, we model the EV mobility as a queuing network based on the statistics obtained via traffic information systems. Then, the load on each power system bus with respect to EV wireless charging is obtained using the stationary distribution of the queuing network. An economic dispatch problem is formulated to incorporate the EV wireless charging demand, and the LMP of each power system bus is obtained. Furthermore, a pricing mechanism based on the LMP variations of power system buses is investigated to enhance the social welfare. The performance of our proposed analytical model is verified by a realistic road traffic simulator (SUMO) based on a 3-bus test system and an IEEE 30-bus test system, respectively. Simulation results indicate that our proposed analytical model can accurately provide an estimation of the LMP variations due to EV wireless charging.