Investigating Water Quality Parameters of the Water of the Distribution Network, the Outlet Water of the Household Water Purification Device, and the Widely Consumed Bottled Waters Distributed in the City of Ardabil, and Comparing them with Drinking Water Standards in 2019

Abstract

Background & Aims: The quality of water consumed by individuals in a society will significantly affect the health of individuals of that society. Various substances that enter individuals’ bodies through drinking water play a critical role in maintaining their health so that the lack or excess of some of these substances can cause many complications. Thus, this study aims to determine water quality parameters of the water of the distribution network, the outlet water of the household water purification device, and the widely consumed bottled waters distributed in the city of Ardabil, and compare them with drinking water standards in 2019. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional type, in which 30 bottled waters from 10 most widely consumed brands of bottled water distributed in the city of Ardabil and also 30 samples of the water of the distribution network and the outlet water of the household water purification device were randomly selected. All samples were tested based on the method standard reference. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the brands of bottles, the one-sample t test was used to compare the mean of each parameter with the standard value, and the paired student t-test was used to compare the mean inlet and outlet of the water purification device. Results: The results showed no microbial pollution in the investigated samples. The highest removal efficiency of the parameters by the household water purification device was 93.18% for sodium, and the lowest was 7.0% for nitrite. Conclusion: In terms of chemical and microbial quality, the widely consumed bottled waters distributed in Ardabil had no health problems. In general, since the concentration of most urban physicochemical parameters is below the drinking water standard limit of 1053 in household water purification devices, the use of these devices is not necessary for the city of Ardabil.