Investigating Tongue Strength and Endurance in Children Aged 6 to 11 Years

Abstract

Objective measures of tongue strength and endurance are used to assess lingual weakness and fatigue, and may have significant clinical value for dysphagia management. Recent studies investigating age and gender effects on tongue strength in children are limited by small sample sizes. The current study investigated age and gender effects on tongue strength with a larger sample size, and collected preliminary normative data for a paediatric population. This study also investigated the reliability of tongue endurance measures in children using a modified method, which has not previously been investigated. Using a cross-sectional design, this study examined tongue strength and endurance in 119 children aged 6 to 11years, with no history of speech sound disorders, oro-motor deficits, dysphagia or cognitive impairment. Measures were collected using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument. Children participated in two sessions, 45min and 10min in duration. Tongue strength was found to significantly increase with age (p < 0.001), while no gender effects were found. Modified tongue endurance measures involved using only one measure of maximal tongue strength to set parameters for tongue endurance scores. Despite this modification, data did not reach acceptable test-retest reliability, ICC = 0.68, p < 0.001; however, reliability improved from previous studies. These findings provide normative data for tongue strength, as a basis to compare individuals, and highlights the need for more reliable protocols for measuring tongue endurance. Normative data was collected from city-dwelling Australian children.