Investigating the Viability of Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells in a Polyhydroxybutyrate/Chitosan/Bioglass Nanoparticles Scaffold

Abstract

Background: The primary method for addressing dental problems traditionally involves the removal and replacement of damaged tissue with synthetic substitutes. However, these materials often lack the physical and chemical properties of natural teeth and are prone to mechanical failures. Recent advancements in tissue engineering have highlighted an alternative approach that allows for the regeneration of teeth using scaffolds. Objectives: This study explored the viability of human gingival fibroblast cells in a scaffold composed of polyhydroxybutyrate, chitosan, and bioglass nanoparticles (PHB/chitosan/nBG). Methods: This study is experimental and was conducted in a laboratory setting. Scaffolds of PHB, PHB/chitosan, and PHB/chitosan/nBG were previously prepared from PHB polymer, chitosan, and bioglass using the electrospinning method. Human gingival fibroblast cells (C165) were acquired from the Pasteur Institute and cultured. Twenty thousand cells were seeded onto each scaffold and into the wells of a 24-well plate for periods of 3, 5, and 7 days. Subsequently, cell viability and proliferation were assessed using the MTT assay method, with each experiment repeated three times. Results: Cell viability and proliferation on the PHB/chitosan/nBG scaffold demonstrated a significant increase compared to the other scaffolds (P ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: The PHB/chitosan/nBG scaffold was found to be non-toxic to human gingival fibroblast cells and exhibited good biocompatibility.