Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the possibility of using recycled pork fat-based biodiesel as fuel for aviation turbo-engines. The analysis consists of the assessment of four blends of Jet A kerosene with 10%, 30%, 50%, and 100% biodiesel and pure Jet A that was used as reference in the study. The first part of the paper presents the physical-chemical properties of the blends: density, viscosity, flash point, freezing point, and calorific power. Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, a benchmark was performed on the mixtures of Jet A with 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, and 100% biodiesel compared with Jet A. The second part of the paper presents the test results of these blends used for fuelling a Jet Cat P80 turbo engine at the Turbo Engines Laboratory of the Aerospace Engineering Faculty of Polyethnic University of Bucharest. These functional tests were performed using different operating regimes as follows: idle, cruise, intermediate, and maximum. For each regime, a testing period of around 1 min was selected and the engine parameters were monitored during the test execution. The burning efficiency was calculated for the maximum regime for all mixtures. To evaluate the functioning stability of the turbo engine using biodiesel, two accelerometers were mounted on the engine support that recorded the radial and axial vibrations. Moreover, to assess the burning stability and to identify other acoustic spectral components when biodiesel is used, two microphones were placed near the jet region. A comparative analysis between blends was made by taking the Jet A fuel as reference.
Highlights
The researchers from the aviation field are trying continuously to reduce aviation engines’emissions and, in “Flightpath 2050”, it is envisioned to achieve a considerable decrease by 2050, up to75% of CO2 emissions and 90% of NOx emissions per passenger kilometer, these are relative to the typical aircrafts in 2000 [1]
Aviation Fuels, the aviation sector does not have other liquid fuel options as a source of energy, unlike other sectors such as road transport, and calls for a ‘significant proportion of conventional aviation fuels to be substituted with sustainable aviation fuels by 20500 [3,4]
Agarwal et al [7] present a critical appreciation of the effects of biodiesel versus conventional diesel in terms of engine performances, emissions, and combustion, but they do not take into account the use of combustible blends that contain classical fuels and fuels obtained from vegetal oils/animal fats
Summary
The researchers from the aviation field are trying continuously to reduce aviation engines’. Other research studies have focusing on the use of bio-fuel/biodiesel in internal combustion engines are presented in [8,9,10]. Another study [20,21] presents the evaluation of the emissions and combustion of bio-fuel blends within a gas turbine combustor. Q400, Airbus A321, and Falcon 20, respectively, have performed demonstrative flights being fed with different combustible Jet A/bio-fuel blends [22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32]. The paper presents an analysis of the possibility of using biodiesel from the recycled pork fat as fuel for the aviation turbo-engines. After determining the physical-chemical properties of the mixtures, a measurement campaign followed where burning tests were done on the Jet Cat P80 micro-turbo engine
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