Abstract
Recently, there has been a development in transgenic technologies in many countries to meet nutritional needs of increasing worlds҆ population. However, there are some concerns about possible risks in the field of growing genetically modified (GM) food, such as threats of biodiversity and food allergies making their use a challenge. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the economic effects and political scopes of GM foods in production sector and policies made by different countries in the world and Iran. Moreover, essential (practical and legal) solutions and guidelines were provided for production and consumption of GM foods, which are useful for governmental entities, Iranian politicians, and consumers' rights. The latest situation of transgenic crops in the countries with which Iran has the highest exchange of agricultural products (including Turkey, Pakistan, and the European Union (EU)) was also studied. Although, Iran has been one of leading Asian countries not only in the field of transfer of technical knowledge of genetic engineering, but also in development of the specialized knowledge of biosafety, and despite production of several transgenic plant lines by Iranian researchers, unfortunately no GM crop has obtained release and cultivation license except for GM rice that its growing process was banned after change of government. According to findings of this study, in Iran, growing and production process of GM crops does not follow the global trend owing to scientific and legal infrastructures.
Highlights
There has been a development in transgenic technologies in many countries to meet nutritional needs of increasing worlds҆ population
This review survey was done by searching the related papers published during 1983—2021 in databases of Google Scholar, SID, IranMedex, Medline, PubMed, Springer, Science Direct, ProQuest, Magiran, ministry of science, research, and technology (MSRT) journals system, Irans҆ medical journals information system, and Islamic world science citation center (ISC) using keywords including food, security, societys҆ health, situation of genetically modified (GM) crop in Iran, producers҆ and consumers҆ rights, and labeling
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety associated with convention on biological diversity (CBD) is an international convention ruling over behavior of Genetically modified organisms (GMO)
Summary
This review survey was done by searching the related papers published during 1983—2021 in databases of Google Scholar, SID, IranMedex, Medline, PubMed, Springer, Science Direct, ProQuest, Magiran, ministry of science, research, and technology (MSRT) journals system, Irans҆ medical journals information system, and Islamic world science citation center (ISC) using keywords including food, security, societys҆ health, situation of GM crop in Iran, producers҆ and consumers҆ rights, and labeling
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