Abstract
The microbiota plays a primary role in inhibiting plant pathogens in the soils. However, the correlation between soil particles and local microbial communities has not been fully confirmed. In this study, we contrasted the different assemblages of microbial communities between suppressive and conducive soils via the differentiation of soil particle-size fractions (PSFs). We further extracted the direct and indirect interactive associations among the soil biotic and abiotic factors by using samples from two continuous banana cropping systems. Notable differences were shown in PSF composition, biological traits (microbial communities and enzyme patterns) and physiochemical parameters between suppressive and conducive soils among the different soil fractions. For example, compared with conducive soils, suppressive soils have higher nutrient contents, fungal abundance and diversity and enzyme activities, and the extent of these differences was explored for fractions of different sizes. Moreover, the microbial taxonomic composition strongly varied between disease-suppressive and disease-conducive soils. For instance, there were significant differences in the relative abundance among key microbiology communities, such as Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Ascomycota, especially for antagonistic microorganisms (i.e., Streptomyces, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma, etc.) across various soil fractions. In addition, structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that the complex associations among soil PSFs, physiochemical parameters and microbial communities were mediated by multiple pathways, which then drive the soil enzyme activities and may further influence the suppressiveness of the soil. These results demonstrate that the resident microbial communities in specific soil particles may play a crucial role in the development of soil suppressiveness against banana Fusarium wilt disease.
Highlights
The continuous planting of bananas in many tropical and subtropical areas together with an over-supply of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has led to an increasing rate of Fusarium wilt disease that is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4
The distribution of soil physiochemical properties and particle-size fractions (PSFs) composition and their changes varied among the different soil fractions (Table 1)
The proportion of >2 mm-sized fractions was higher than it was in conducive soils, whereas the proportion of
Summary
The continuous planting of bananas in many tropical and subtropical areas together with an over-supply of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has led to an increasing rate of Fusarium wilt disease that is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4. The continuous planting of bananas in many tropical and subtropical areas together with an over-supply of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has led to an increasing rate of Fusarium wilt disease that is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. This disease causes great economic losses [1,2,3]. The soils of banana plantations with a high Fusarium wilt disease rate (>60%) over five consecutive production years are defined as conducive soils, and the soils with a low wilt disease rate (
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