Abstract
The purposes of this paper are to (1) define the open business models of companies and (2) relate them to the intangibles portfolio composition in terms of R&D, goodwill, and other intangibles. A sample of 234 worldwide top R&D spending firms is examined, drawing on secondary data from audited consolidated annual reports for the period 2010-2012. The work provides a contribution to both innovation management theory and practice. On one side, it investigates inbound and outbound aspects of open innovation after a pecuniary perspective. Five models are defined - collaboration, outsourcing, licensing, trading, and incorporation - which, if combined, denote the openness of companies' innovation strategy. On the other side, the devised framework constitutes a starting point to develop guidelines for managers to leverage the intangible assets of their organisations in order to innovate and generate value in an open innovation context.
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