Abstract
In a prior study of intracerebral hemorrhage monitoring using magnetic induction phase shift (MIPS), we found that MIPS signal changes occurred prior to those seen with intracranial pressure. However, the characteristic MIPS alert is not yet fully explained. Combining the brain physiology and MIPS theory, we propose that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be the primary factor that leads to hematoma expansion being alerted by MIPS earlier than with intracranial pressure monitoring. This paper investigates the relationship between CSF and MIPS in monitoring of rabbit intracerebral hemorrhage models, which is based on the MIPS measurements data, the quantified data on CSF from medical images and the amount of injected blood in the rabbit intracerebral hemorrhage model. In the investigated results, a R value of 0.792 with a significance of 0.019 is observed between the MIPS and CSF, which is closer than MIPS and injected blood. Before the reversal point of MIPS, CSF is the leading factor in MIPS signal changing in an early hematoma expansion stage. Under CSF compensation, CSF reduction compensates for hematoma expansion in the brain to keep intracranial pressure stable. MIPS decrease results from the reducing CSF volume. This enables MIPS to detect hematoma expansion earlier than intracranial pressure.
Highlights
Magnetic induction based monitoring is a new and emerging non-invasive method, which contains magnetic induction tomography (MIT) and magnetic induction phase shift (MIPS) technology[2]
The ICP start increasing from the critical point at TI, and the MIPS start decreasing at a critical point TM; the TM characterized in MIPS detection occurs earlier in the process than the TI characterized in ICP monitoring
Combining brain physiology and MIPS detection theory, we propose that changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be the primary factor that hematoma expansion is detected earlier by the MIPS during ICH
Summary
Magnetic induction based monitoring is a new and emerging non-invasive method, which contains magnetic induction tomography (MIT) and magnetic induction phase shift (MIPS) technology[2]. When we investigated MIPS detection for intracerebral hematoma expansion in rabbits, we found that the MIPS signal is more sensitive than ICP during early hematoma expansion and can offer timely alerts to monitor ICH. The above experimental results raise the following questions: why do the MIPS indicate significant changes earlier than ICP during hematoma expansion and which tissue is involved as the primary factor in the brain that results in MIPS signal changing in hematoma expansion monitoring. During early hematoma expansion, the CSF compensation mechanism decreases CSF total volume in an attempt to maintain normal intracranial pressure When this occurs, the ICP is maintained at a stable state, but the conductivity of the brain is changed, which could explain why MIPS is able to detect hematoma expansion earlier in the process than ICP can.
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