Investigating the relation between transforming growth factor-β1 bioavailability with vitamin D and calcium in PCOS patients

Abstract

Objective: This study seeks to explore the association between TGF-β1 bioavailability and vitamin D/calcium levels in women withpolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), aiming to uncover potential links that could contribute to understanding the pathogenesis of PCOSand its management. Methods: Case-control study comprises of 60 women with PCOS and 60 healthy control women. Fasting serum TGF-β1, sEND, vitamin Dand calcium were measured. Additionally, Anthropometric parameters: age, body mass index, blood pressure; diabetes parameters: fasting glucose, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), homeostatic model assessment of beta–cell function (HOMA-B2); Lipid profile: TC, TG, LDL, HDL, VLDL were assessed. Results: There were significant increasing in serum TGF-β1 and its bioavailability in PCOS compared to control whereas there weresignificant decreasing in serum sENG in PCOS compared to control. Additionally, serum vitamin D was lower significantly in PCOS than incontrol while serum calcium was higher significantly in PCOS than in control. The correlation did not find between TGF-β1, sENG, TGF-β1/sENG with vitamin D and calcium and with other metabolic parameters. However, positive correlation was found between calcium and BMI and between TGF-β1 and it bioavailability (TGF-β1/sENG). Conclusion: Elevated TGF-β1 bioavailability results from increase serum TGF-β1 combine with decrease serum sENG, suggesting a potential role of TGF-β1 bioavailability in arresting follicular development in PCOS patients. Moreover, significant decrease in vitamin D and significant increase of calcium in PCOS patients, indicating that vitamin D and calcium may be involve in PCOS pathogenesis.