Investigating the most effective factors in the embryo rescue technique for use with ‘Flame Seedless’ grapevine (Vitis vinifera)

Abstract

ABSTRACTEmbryo rescue is among the most important techniques used in seedless grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) breeding and is applied to the female parent. A variety of factors that affect embryo development and germination, as well as plantlet production, in the seedless grapevine cultivar ‘Flame Seedless’ were investigated. The results showed that using Nitsch and Nitsch (NN) medium rather than Emershad and Ramming (ER) medium for double-phase rather than solid phase media produced better developed embryos (DE; 47.49% compared to 24.85%, and 40.69% compared to 31.66%, respectively) and germinated embryos (GE; 28.46% compared to 19.16%, and 29.71% compared to 17.91%, respectively). Preceding embryo rescue, pre-treatment of grapevine clusters with 0.34 mM putrescine (Put) or 0.82 mM cycocel (CCC) increased the percentages of DE and GE. The results indicated that 1.0 mM spermine (Spm), 0.5 mM spermidine (Spd), or 1.0 mM Put in NN culture medium increased the percentages of DE and GE. Using Woody Plant Medium (WPM) as the secondary medium gave higher percentages of GE and developed plantlets (DP) than using Gamborg (B5) medium or Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium.