Investigating the mechanical performance and characteristics of nitrile butadiene rubber date palm fiber reinforced composites for sustainable bio-based materials

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The recent focus on enhancing sustainability has emphasized the proper utilization of natural fibers and waste materials. Natural fiber reinforced composites have emerged as a promising solution for future bio-based products. This study aims to investigate the synergistic effects between date palm fiber (DPF) and Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) in order to develop innovative bio-based composites suitable for diverse industrial applications. The composites were produced through a mixing process using a Brabender internal mixer, followed by rolling. Various reinforcement materials and processing conditions were employed to characterize and analyze the mechanical properties of the composites. These properties included tensile strength, tensile modulus, strain, tear resistance, mechanical hardness, and compression behavior, assessed according to ASTM standards. The results revealed that the composites with a 40 wt% fiber loading exhibited the highest elastic modulus and tear resistance, indicating good compatibility and adhesion between the fibers and rubber. Additionally, the composites displayed increased brittleness and strain with higher fiber content. The mechanical hardness of the composites suggested their potential for various industrial applications, with the best results obtained at a 30 wt% fiber loading. Furthermore, the compression strength of the composites, evaluated using the ASTM D395 standard and a compression molding method, displayed significant improvement at a 40 wt% fiber content, indicating favorable characteristics and potential for industrial applications requiring oil, fuel, abrasion, and heat resistance in the form of bio-based products.