Abstract
In this paper we evaluate the potential of a 5-element monopole array incorporated into a handheld device for beamforming in the 5.0-GHz band. The geometry of the handset consists of a 5-element array: four elements located at the handset corners and the fifth-element located at the center. Also, the interaction of the antenna array, mounted on a mobile handset, with a human head phantom is investigated. Firstly, the spatial peak specific absorption rate (SAR) values of 5-element array antennas for mobile handsets in the vicinity of a spherical phantom of a human head are evaluated numerically as a function of the distance between the handset and the head phantom for two different scenarios. Next, the effect of the human head on the handset radiation pattern is studied. The effect of different handset positions on the radiation pattern is also considered. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to optimize the complex excitations of the adaptive arrays elements in a mutual coupling environment for beamforming synthesis. All numerical simulations are performed using the FEKO Suite 5.3
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