Abstract
The Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) enables the Minister of Environment and Climate Change to develop policy to curtail international air pollution. However, regional air pollution generated during the manufacturing of products outside of Canada is not addressed in CEPA. Using cement manufacturing in China as a case study, three policy options were devised to manage export-based regional air pollution. The options investigated included Policy 1—an open border with direct support for domestic cement manufacturers, Policy 2—a restricted border with no support for domestic cement manufacturers, and Policy 3—a selective border with partial support for domestic cement manufacturers. An analytic hierarchy process, in conjunction with the three actionable solidarities of cultural theory, was applied to the policy options and their supporting mechanisms. Results indicated that Policy 3 was strongly favoured (52.5%), followed by Policy 2 (33.4%), with Policy 1 being the least favoured (14.2%). Regarding policy mechanisms, a verification process was preferred by all three solidarities. From the standpoint of a universal approach to trade it is recommended that an air quality agreement between China and Canada under CEPA be established with a framework to eventually incorporate environmental production declarations. With respect to cement exports, it is recommended that manufacturers in China provide emissions intensities and winter smog assessments.
Highlights
Subsections 31(1) and (2) of the Legislation Revision and Consolidation Act, in force on June 1, 2009, provide as follows: Published consolidation is evidence
(1) Every copy of a consolidated statute or consolidated regulation published by the Minister under this Act in either print or electronic form is evidence of that statute or regulation and of its contents and every copy purporting to be published by the Minister is deemed to be so published, unless the contrary is shown
(2) In the event of an inconsistency between a consolidated statute published by the Minister under this Act and the original statute or a subsequent amendment as certified by the Clerk of the Parliaments under the Publication of Statutes Act, the original statute or amendment prevails to the extent of the inconsistency
Summary
It is hereby declared that the protection of the environment is essential to the well-being of Canadians and that the primary purpose of this Act is to contribute to sustainable development through pollution prevention. (1) En vue de rendre réalisable une action nationale et de prendre des mesures coordonnées dans les domaines touchant l’environnement, ainsi que pour éviter le dédoublement des règlements pris par les gouvernements, le ministre constitue le comité consultatif national chargé : a) de conseiller les ministres sur les projets de règlement prévus au paragraphe 93(1); b) de le conseiller sur un cadre intergouvernemental d’action concertée pour la gestion des substances toxiques; c) de le conseiller sur les autres questions liées à l’environnement qui sont d’intérêt commun pour le gouvernement du Canada et d’autres gouvernements. (9) Les accords conclus en vertu du présent article ne peuvent limiter l’accomplissement d’un acte que le ministre estime nécessaire pour l’application et l’exécution de la présente loi, notamment une inspection ou une enquête
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