Abstract
This paper presents a micro-vortex-strengthened hydro-cyclonic flocculation reactor (MVSR) designed with cruciform stepped spoiler bars and compares its performance with that of a traditional hydro-cyclonic reactor (HFR) through hydraulic experimental and computational fluid dynamics simulation results. The MVSR significantly enhanced floc growth, with the average size reaching 487.0 ± 16.9 μm, which was larger than that of the HFR (p < 0.05). Numerical simulations showed that the micro-vortex scale remained below 300 μm in the dense spoiler bar region (300–500 mm), promoting the aggregation of small particles. As the reactor height increased, the micro-vortex scale expanded to over 600 μm, creating favorable hydraulic conditions for floc growth. The spoiler bars also created a periodic “weak shear–strong shear” environment, enhancing the floc density and strength. Overall, the MVSR provided more optimized hydraulic conditions, significantly improving the particle flocculation efficiency compared to that of the HFR. This study offers theoretical insights into floc growth mechanisms under turbulent conditions.
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