Abstract
Reactive oxidative species (ROS) are produced as cells undergo cellular respiration and other metabolic processes, and guanine is especially vulnerable to oxidation due to having the lowest redox potential of the four DNA bases. Guanine oxidation can lead to the formation of 8-oxoguanine, which has an even lower redox potential, increasing the likelihood of forming the spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) lesion. The Sp lesion is highly mutagenic and can lead to cell death, cancer, and other illnesses if not repaired.
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