Abstract
Emissions from use of fossil fuels have consistently posed significant threat to the environment and wellbeing of man. This has prompted several studies aimed at finding solution to the emissions and their effects. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of adding pentanol and biodiesel from Moringa Oleifera seed to pure diesel content of 70% by volume. pentanol and biodiesel make up the remaining 30 percent by volume and were also varied, with pentanol percentage being increased from 2 percent to 8 percent so as to carefully monitored the effects of adding pentanol while the Moringa oleifera biodiesel made up the balance for the 30%. These blends were labelled according to the percentage composition of biodiesel and pentanol (B28P2, B26P4, B24P6, B24P6, and B22P8). The physicochemical properties of all blends such as viscosity, density, pour point, acid value and iodine value determined. From the result of the engine performance and emission tests, B24P6 blend has been noted to have the best engine performance parameters, haven shown the best engine brake power of 19.787 kW, and with the highest engine brake thermal efficiency of 19.78%.While in term of engine emission, B22P8 blend, have the lowest Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission, with a value of 82.4994 ppm which is about 3% lower than that of pure diesel, while B26P4 have the lowest carbon monoxide (CO) emission among all the samples tested with value of 6.1556 ppm which is about 58% lower than that of Petro diesel. However, blends appeared to have good brake mean effective pressure except for B22P8 which have the lowest BMEP, that’s about 2.8% lower than that of Petro diesels. Conclusively, the addition of Moringa oleifera biodiesel with pentanol improved the diesel quality, yielding good improvement in engine performance and emission.
 Keywords: Diesel, biodiesel, pentanol, biofuel blends, Moringa oleifera seed, engine emissions
Highlights
The growing need to find an alternative source of energy to fossils fuels due to the increasing depletion challenge of fossil fuels is still on-going (Kaisan et al, 2020a)
Demirbas et al, (2016) reported the effect of pentanol addition on the performance and engine emission of diesel engines fueled with palm oil biodiesel, the findings revealed that, the addition of higher alcohol or pentanol resulted in more smooth combustions and reduces engine emission of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide to about 9.3% as compared with neat palm oil diesel which has higher emission
The convectional diesel was maintained at 70% throughout the experiment, while the rest of the blends were prepared by increasing the pentanol volume in increasing order of 2% while biodiesel was reduced by the same percentage
Summary
The growing need to find an alternative source of energy to fossils fuels due to the increasing depletion challenge of fossil fuels is still on-going (Kaisan et al, 2020a). Alternative energy sources such as biodiesel have been reported to have similar physico-chemical properties to fossil diesel and have less greenhouse gas emission than diesel from fossils (Muralidharan & Vasudevan, 2011; Ituen & Ijioma, 2010).).Biodiesel produced from edible and non-edible feedstock could serve as a substitute to fossil diesel and reduce the emissions that pose great challenges to the health and social well-being of man (Kaisan et al, 2017, Kaisan et al, 2018). Producing Biodiesels from edible row material like soya beans have challenges of its own, but the most important of all is the threat it has on food security, and high production cost, these are the main problems that hindered its commercialization and wide usage as an alternative fuel
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