Abstract

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the current gold standard method used for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. However, it is well-established that the presence of strontium in bone could lead to significant error in measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) and diagnosis of osteoporosis using DXA. The objectives of this study are: (1) to develop novel bone-mimicking phantoms containing different concentrations of strontium, and (2) to investigate the effect of bone strontium content on the BMD measurement using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) technique. Measurements using the research and clinical QUS systems showed a strong dependency of the BUA (broadband ultrasound attenuation) of the medium with the BMD. Moreover, increasing strontium concentrations in bone phantoms of up to 3 mol% strontium showed no effect on the BUA or the SOS values measured with either system. Therefore, the QUS technique is independent of level of bone strontium of up to 3 mol/mol [Sr/(Sr+Ca)] %.

Highlights

  • Osteoporosis is a bone deteriorating disease that can cause low-trauma fractures, pain and loss of independence to those afflicted

  • We reported on the development of new calcium HA based trabecular bonemimicking phantoms suitable for the use in any quantitative ultrasound (QUS) system by obtaining ultrasound parameters closely mimicking trabecular bone

  • We reported that the QUS empirically-derived parameter, quantitative ultrasound index (QUI), appears to be independent of the strontium concentration present in the trabecular bone-mimicking phantoms

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Summary

Introduction

Osteoporosis is a bone deteriorating disease that can cause low-trauma fractures, pain and loss of independence to those afflicted. It is used to determine areal bone mineral density (aBMD), to help establish patients’ risk for bone fractures [5]. It is a non-invasive diagnostic tool that measures aBMD (primarily of the hip and lumbar spine bones) based on the attenuation of X-rays through the patient. In this technique, two different X-ray energies are used as a means of providing a correction for X-ray attenuation by the overlaying soft tissue, providing an estimate of the bone’s aBMD

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