Abstract
The intensity of soil erosion to occur in a region depends on multiple factors including climatic conditions, elevation, terrain, soil type, and land use. Among these factors, land use is one of the particular importance as it reflects the outsized role of humans in the exacerbation of erosion condition. This study aimed to investigate the effects of land use changes on soil erosion in Qaresu watershed, using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques, a watershed with an area of 4370.8 km2 located in the center of Ardabil province, northwest of Iran. For this purpose, the 1985 and 2015 Landsat images captured by TM and OLI-TIRS sensors were used to develop the land use maps of the watershed area using the maximum likelihood method. The erosion zoning maps were then developed by integrating the maps of land use, slope, lithology, distance from roads, distance from streams, precipitation, and soil using the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method after an AHP-based weighting stage. The results showed that in the 30-year period from 1985 to 2015, the region has experienced a decrease in the area of forest, dry farming, and rangeland land uses and an increase in the area of land uses defined as urban, barren, irrigated farming, and water cover. In total, dry farming and rangeland were the largest land-uses in the studied area. According to the developed erosion zoning maps, in 1985, 14.4% and 36.84%, and in 2015, 15.64% and 32.3% of the studied area belonged to high and very high risk zones in terms of erosion potential, respectively. In defined two periods, high risk and very high risk zones were mostly positioned over dry and irrigated farmlands.
Highlights
Land use change is widely accepted as an important determinant of erosion trends that its effects have directly affected erosion (Dadashpoor et al 2019; Namugize et al 2018; Pham et al 2018)
These results show an increase in the area of irrigated farming, urban, barren and lake land uses and a decrease in the area of dry farming, rangeland, and forest land uses in the region
This increase can be attributed to the fact that a large portion of the Qaresu watershed is positioned in the Ardabil plain, which makes it easier to transform dry farms and rangelands to irrigated farms by digging wells and tapping into ground waters
Summary
Land use change is widely accepted as an important determinant of erosion trends that its effects have directly affected erosion (Dadashpoor et al 2019; Namugize et al 2018; Pham et al 2018). Satellite imagery is suitable for this application as it can provide a wide variety of up-to-date digital information (Rajasekhar et al 2018; Zohaib et al 2019) that can be processed into land use maps. Thanks to these features, RS data and GIS environment can give us a good understanding of how land uses are changing and help us devise fitting management solutions to mitigate or counter the consequent problems (Coppin et al 2004; Mendoza 2004)
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