Abstract
Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2404 (LDX2404) is the newest commercial type of duplex stainless steels, recently introduced by Outokumpu®. This paper investigates the dynamic tensile failure (spall strength) of this new alloy under different peak stresses (4.5 GPa to 8.2 GPa) via the recovered plate-impact experiment using a single stage gas gun. The microstructural investigation for the as-received and soft recovered post-shock material conditions were accomplished using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and optical microscopy. The effect of the radial release waves and the effectiveness of using momentum trap rings on the spall strength and the spall damage during the impact experiment were studied. Results indicate that LDX2404 experienced spall damage for the entire range of tested peak stresses. The spall strength was not affected by the implementation of momentum trapping rings whereas; the damage content was highly influenced. The spall damage of LDX 2404 exists parallel to the phase boundary interfaces, which are normal to the impact direction. Grain orientation, based on Taylor factor values, was not controlling the voids nucleation and voids growth.
Highlights
Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) are dual phase alloys with equal volume fractions of ferrite and austenite phases
Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) examination for the as-received Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2404 (LDX2404) reveals that the material has 50/50 of austenite phase (Face Centred Cubic structure (FCC)) and ferrite phase (Body Centred Cubic structure (BCC)) as shown in Fig. (3 a)
The BCC phase has predominantly Low Angle Grain Boundaries (LAGB) with misorientation angles less than 15o
Summary
Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) are dual phase alloys with equal volume fractions of ferrite and austenite phases These alloys have attractive mechanical properties (yield stress, ultimate tensile stress, ductility and corrosion resistance) [1]. LDX2404 is the most recent alloy which has been introduced to the lean duplex family by Outokumpu® [3] This alloy has the highest yield stress and ultimate tensile stress of the commercially available DSSs. Spall strength (dynamic tensile strength) is one of the mechanical properties of the materials; it is estimated via plate impact experiment from measuring the free surface velocity. In this experiment, materials are subjected to a state of tensile stresses due to the interactions of the rarefaction fans [4,5]. The effects of radial release waves, which are generated at the circumference of the flyer, on the spall strength and damage content were explored
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